Metal roof covering



May 21?, 1941.

T. D. MILLER METAL ROOF COVERING Filed April 25, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet l T. D. MiLLER METAL ROOF COVERING May 27, 1941.

Fiied April 25, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 shingle on the line 4-4 gles as they appear on a tangular in form, and

Patented May 27,1941

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 43,256. METAL aoor covname Thomas D. Miller, Clarksvflle, Md. Application April 25, 1938, Serial No. 204,167

' 8 Claims. (01. 108-17) This invention relates to a metal roof-covering composed of shingles of relatively large size, which metal to cover the roof. The individual units are anchored to the roof and interlocked with one another in such a way as to permit expansion and contraction of each unit without aflecting the other units. The nails which hold the units to the roof are all covered by the shingles and the interlocking connections between the shingles v are so formed as to permit the free drainage the shingles so that relativelylong shingles can be easily handled, and these ridges are so spaced on the upper and lower halves of each shingle as to divide the shingle into a plurality of panels, the panels adjacent one another on one half of the shingle being of different widths, and they ridges on one half of the shingle being out of line with those on the other half. The ridges and panels are so arranged that when the shingles are assembled on 'a root this spacing oi the ridges and panels is preserved throughout the assemblage, producing a random effect which is desirable from an architectural point of view.

In the accompanying drawings, v Fig. 1 is a plan view of a blank from which the shingle is formed;

Fig. 2 is a top plan view of one of the shingles; Fig. 3 is a transverse section through the shingle on the line 33 of Fig. 2, on a larger scale; Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section through the of Fig. 2; Fig. 5 is a similar section on the line 5 5 oi Fig.

Fig. 6 is a plan view of an assemblage of shinrooi; i Fig. 7 is a section on the line of Fig. 6; Fig. 8 is a section on the line 8-8 of Fig. 6; Fig. 9 is a section on the line 9-9 of Fig. 6, and

Fig. 10 is a section on the line Iii-I0 of Fig.6. Referring to Fig. 1, A represents a sheet metal blank for forming a shingle. The blank is rec-i a suitable size would be fifty inches long and eighteen inches in width corners are cut as shown at 3.

' and the projecting ends 1: of flange l are bent up- Figs. 2 and 5.

for forming a shingle oi slightly less length and width. The blank is notched inwardly at its ends near its upper margin as indicated at I and also has notches 2 in its ends approximately midway between-its side edges, and its lower The blank is embossed withtransverse ridges hereinafter referred to.

In forming the shingle A, Fig. 2, the ends of the blank between the notches I and 2 are folded over the top of the blank along the sloping dotted lines 4, forming tapering over-turned flanges 5, as shown in Figs. 2 and 4 and the ends oi the blank below the notches 2 are folded under the blank along the sloping dotted lines I, forming under-turned tapering end flanges I, as shown in The upper margin- 0'! the blank is turned over the'blank along the dotted line 8, Fig. 1, forming the over-turned iiange'l, Figs. 2 and 3. The flange-8 overlaps the flanges I wardly and form tabs which to receive-nails. The lower margin of the blank is turned under the blank along the dotted line It, forming an under-turned'flange II, as indicated in Figs. 2 and 3. to the flanges I, but does not overlap or interfere with them because the ends of the flanges are cut oil as shown at 3 in Fig. 1. The shingle is may be perforated divided into an upper'hali a and a lower halt a by folding the blank 'tudinal dotted lines bends l2 and I3,

reversely along the longirespectively, Figs. 2 and 3.

Before the blank is folded as described, it, is 1 embossed on its upper side with the transverse ridges b, b, etc. andc', c,

toward'its side edges and'which stifien the shingle and divide its exposed surfaces ihto a series of panels, the adjacent panels on the upper half to widths, and the ridges on the lower half intershingles, thus'sivin a random spacing eflect throughout the root cov ring, which is desirable from an architectural point .of view.

In the' upper half a of the blank and the This flange extends close l2 and", Fig. 1, forming etc. which taper panels on the first-mentioned hall, "whereby the panels on the .will have a width equal to the over-turned heads shingle, flve embossed ridges. indicated at b to b, inclusive, are shown dividing that haltinto panels of three diilerent widths. Thus, between the ridges panel 4' and at the left of the ridge b there is a panel i twice the width of the panel 4', and at the right of the panel 4'', between the ridges l) and b, there is a panel one and one-hall times the width of the smallest panel 4, the widths of the panels being measured iron the lo tudinal centers oithe ridges. To the right of the panel 6', which is oi intermediate width. there is a panel 4" oi the same width as the small panel 4*, and to the right of the panel 4" there is a panel i" of the same width as'the panel I, and next to this, at the right, is a panel l of the same width as the large panel I. The panels may be variously arranged, but the panels adjacent one another are of different widths. In the shingle shown in Fig. 2, the largest panels in the upper half of the shingle are at its ends.

Each of the ridges c' to c on the lower half a' of the shingle bisects a panel on the upp r half of the shingle. Thus, the ridge c' bisects the panel I; the ridge c bisects the panel I; the ridge c bisects the panel the ridge 0 bisects the panel 4; the ridge c bisects the panel 6, and the ridge 0' bisects the panel l Thus, the ridges on the lower hall of the shingle are out of line with the ridges on the upper half and the panels are diflferently located. As the ridge c' bisects the panel l on the upper half, the panel i to the left of the ridge a will have a width equal to one-half of the panel 8', while the panel I will have a width equal to one-half oi. the panel I plus one-half of the panel 4- ;which the ridge 0 bisects; the panel 0 will have a width equal to one-half the width of the panel 4' plus one-half of the panel i which the ridge c bisects; the panel will have a width equal b and b of the shingle, there is a v flanges of to one-half of the panel t plus one-halt oi the panel 4" which the ridge 0 bisects; the panel I one-halt oi the panel 4'' plus one-halt oi the panel i" which the ridge c' bisects: the panel to one-half that of the panel 0 plus one-half of the panel I which the ridge 0 bisects, and the panel-8' will have a width equal to one-half of the panel s. The panels 0' and I at the ends of the lower half of the shingle, it will be noted, are each one-half of the width 0! the panels I and 8" at the ends of theupper half of the shingle. If desired, the arrangement of the ridges shown on the upper hall of the shingle may be applied to the lower half and the bisecting ridges may be applied to the upper half.

l'l'gs. 8-40, inclusive, illustrate the manner of assembling the shingles on a root. A flat metal strip I4 is nailed to the root along its lower edge, a part 0! the strip projecting a short distance beyond said edge. Nails I! are driven into the roof in a horizontal row ata distance from the lower edge of the strip ll which is approximately equal to one-half the width of a shingle, each nail having a shoulder which-limits the distance which it can be driven into-the wood and having an over-turned head ii". The lowermost shingle A is applied by hooking its lower flange il under the strip and then sliding the shingle upward. This causes the flange to interlock with the strip and the bend II in the shingle to pass under oi the nails II, as shown in Fig. 10. Nails it are then driven at the upper end or the shingle and the heads of these nails bear upon its over-turned upper name I. The

I will have a width equal sc -lasso next shingle A in the vertical row is applied by hooking its lower flange ll under the upper flange 0 of the lower shingle A and by sliding the shingle A upwardly, the flanges or the two shingles interlock and the bend it in the upper shingle extends under the heads of a previously driven row of nails l1. Nails ll are then driven into the roof and the heads of these nails bear against the over-turned flange H o! the shingle A Succeeding shingles in the same vertical row are applied in the same manner. After each shingle is in place, it is preferably secured to the root by nails driven through the tabs t. The tabs and all of the nails are covered and protected from the weather by the shingles.

At the right in Fig. 6 are shingles A and A in a vertical row, which shingles are assembled in the same way as the shingles A and A. Each alternate vertical row of shingles commences at the bottom with a hall shingle, one of which is shown at A, Figs. 6 and 9, and this is succeeded by complete shingles, one of which is shown at A". The half shingle A is the same as the upper half of one 0! the complete shingles, including the longitudinal bend it. The halt shingle is pushed upwardly into place between the lower halves of the shingles A and A, the bent portion II of the half shingle interlocking with the strip ll as shown in Fig. 9, and its end flanges interlocking with the end the lower halves of the shingles It and A The complete shingle A is then slid upwardly into place, its lower flange I l interlocking with the upper flange I or the half shingle A, while the end flanges 01 its lower half a interlock with the end flanges oi the upper halves of the shingles A and A, as shown in 'Fig. 8,

and the end flanges oi the upper half or the in Fig. '1. t

At the leit oi the shingles A and A are shown, partly broken away, a half shingleA' corresponding to the half shingle A, and a complete shingle Acorresponding to the shingle A". It is to be noted that in the assemblage shown in F1 6, the lower halves oi the shingles in alternate rtical rows are in line with and interlock with the upper halves of shingles in intermediate rows so that the random spacing of the ridges and panels on the shingles is preserved throughout the assemblage. t

As previously stated, each shingle, as it is laid, is preferably secured to the rooi. by nails driven through its tabs 13-. and while the shingles are relatively'longand wide they are securely held in place on the roof by these tabs and by the nails having heads which engage the folds and upper flanges oi the shingles. All of the nails are covered by the shingles and are thus protected from the weather. The only nails which pass through. the shingles are those which are driven into the tabs. The interlocking flanges 'or the shingles are not close fltting and do not hold water by capillary attraction to any extent.

As shown best in Figs. 7 and 8, the end flanges I of one shingle with respect to the adjacent shingles when the shingles are being assembled on a root. In metal shingles of considerable length and width. such as these, the weather changes cause a considerable amount of conshown the lowermost in confining the .halves, the upper half traction and expansion of the metal, but because of the sliding connections between-the shingles, expansion and contraction may take place in the individual shingles, without aifecting one another, andthe corrugations or ridges also assist expansion to the individual shingles. These corrugations also strengthen .the

shingles transversely-making them easier tohandle than if they were plain sheets without the corrugations.

What I claim is: i

1. A shingle comprising a rectangular metal sheet having in its central portion a double iold dividing it into upper and lower halves, each half having a plurality of spaced transverse ridges on its upper side dividing itinto panels, the adjacent panels on one half being of difierent widths and the ridges on. the other half intersecting the panels on the opposing half of the shingle. I

2., A shingle comprising a rectangular metal sheet having in its central portion'a double told dividing it into upper and lower halves, each half having a plurality of spaced transverse ridges on its upper side the adjacent panels on one half being of diflerent widths and-the ridges on the other half bisecting the panels on the opposing half of the shingle.

3. A shingle comprising a substantially rectangular metal sheet having in its central portion a double fold dividing it into upper and lower having over-turned end flanges and the lower half having under-turned end flanges, the upper half having a plurality of transverse ridges spaced apart longitudinally of the shingle dividing it into panels, the adjacent panels being or difierent'widths, and the lower half having transverse ridges spaced apart and each intersecting a separate panel of the upper half.

4. A- shingle comprising a substantially rectangular metal sheet having in its central portion a double fold dividing it into upper and lower halves, the upper half having over-turned end flanges and thelower halt having under-tumed end flanges, the upper half having a plurality of transverse ridges spaced apart longitudinally of the shingle dividing it into panels, the adjacent panels being of different widths, and the lower half having transverse ridges spaced apart and each bisecting a separate panel of the upper half.

5. A shingle comprising a substantially rectangular metal sheet having in its central portion a dividing it into panels,

. transverse ridges double fol-d dividing it into upper and lower halves, the upper half having over-turned end flanges and the lower half having under-turned end flanges, one half having a plurality of transverse ridges spaced apart longitudinally of the shingle dividing it into panels, the adjacent panels being of difierent widths, and the other half having transverse ridgesspaced apart and each bisecting a separate panel of the opposing half.

6. A shingle comprising a rectangular metal sheet having in its central portion a double fold dividing it into upper and lower halves, each half having a plurality of spaced transverse ridges embossed on its upper side dividing it into panels, the adjacent panels on one half being of difierent widths and the ridges on the other half intersecting the panels on they ODDOS DE half of the shingle, the ridges ,on said halves tapering oppositely from said fold.

7. A shingle comprising a rectangular metal sheet having in its central portion a double fold dividing it into upper and lower halves, one half having a plurality of spaced transverse ridges embossed on its upper side dividing 'it into panels of three different widths, namely, a plurality of relatively small panels of the same width, a pinrality of relatively large panels, each approxi-. mately twice the width of a small panel, and a. plurality of panels of intermediate width, each approximately one-half wider than one of said small panels, the ridges being arranged so that adjacent panels are of different widths, and the other of said halves having a plurality of spaced embossed on the upper side, each of the latter ridges bisecting one of the panels on said first-mentioned half.

8. A shingle comprising a rectangular metal sheet having in its central portion a double fold dividing. it into upper and lower halves, one half having a plurality of spaced transverse ridges embossed on its upper side dividing it into panels of three different ralityof relatively mately twice the width of a small panel, and a plurality of panels of intermediate width, each approximately one-half wider than 'one of said transverse ridges embossed on the upper side,-

each of the latter ridges bisecting one 01' th panels on said flrst-mentionedlhalf.

moms D MILLER;

widths, namely, a plurality of relatively small panels of the same width, a pinlarge panels, each approxi- 

